Quarantine Key

Key to Cerambycidae of quarantine concern in Australia

couplet 1 of 20

Fig. 1a

Fig. 1aa

Fig. 1b

Fig. 1bb

Large, 30-50 mm long brown beetle; elytra with complex net-like pattern of whitish veins (Figs. 1a, 1aa); pronotum bearing sharp middle projection and dense pubescence (Figs. 1b, 1bb) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[subfamily Prioninae, the Huhu Beetle; New Zealand]
Prionoplus reticularis White

Fig. 1c

Fig. 1cc

- Elytra without a net-like pattern (Figs. 1c, 1cc); size variable.

. . . . . . . . . . . . Go to couplet 2 →

couplet 2 of 20 (from 1)

Fig. 2a

Fig. 2aa

Fig. 2b

Fig. 2bb

Protibia with grooved antennal cleaner on inner surface (Figs. 2a, 2aa); mesotibia with sulcate or comb-like antennal cleaner on outer surface (Figs. 2a, 2aa); head strongly deflexed (Figs. 2b, 2bb).
[subfamily Lamiinae]

. . . . . . . . . . . . Go to couplet 3 →

Fig. 2c

Fig. 2cc

Fig. 2d

Fig. 2dd

- Protibia and mesotibia without antenna cleaners (Figs. 2c, 2cc); head prognathous or weakly deflexed (Figs. 2d, 2dd).
[subfamilies Cerambycinae and Spondylidinae]

. . . . . . . . . . . . Go to couplet 7 →

couplet 3 of 20 (from 2)

SUBFAMILY LAMINAE

Fig. 3a

Fig. 3aa

Fig. 3b

Fig. 3bb

Elytra bluish or black, mostly glabrous with white setae forming small isolated spots (Figs. 3a, 3aa); procoxal cavities closed posteriorly(Figs 3b, 3bb).
[genus Anoplophora]

. . . . . . . . . . . . Go to couplet 4 →

Fig. 3c

Fig. 3cc

Fig. 3d

Fig. 3dd

- Elytra entirely setose and of various colours and combinations (Figs. 3c, 3cc); procoxal cavities at least narrowly open posteriorly (Figs. 3d, 3dd).

. . . . . . . . . . . . Go to couplet 5 →

couplet 4 of 20 (from 3)

Fig. 4a

Fig. 4aa

Fig. 4b

Fig. 4bb

Pronotal disc flat (Figs. 4a, 4aa); elytra glossy black, finely punctate, smooth at basal part (Figs. 4b, 4bb) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[Asian longhorn beetle; USA and Canada, Europe and Northern Asia]
Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)

Fig. 4c

Fig. 4cc

Fig. 4d

Fig. 4dd

- Pronotal disc with dorsal nodules (Figs. 4c, 4cc); basal part of elytra with coarse granulation and nodules (Figs. 4d, 4dd) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[Citrus longhorn beetle;
Europe, Northern Asia, South and South-East Asia]
Anoplophora chinensis (Forster)

couplet 5 of 20 (from 3)

Fig. 5a

Fig. 5aa

Fig. 5b

Fig. 5bb

Fig. 5c

Fig. 5cc

Antennal scape with apical carina (Figs. 5a, 5aa); apices of elytra rounded or weakly angulate (Fig. 5b, 5bb); antennomere 3 very long, at least twice as long as antennal scape (Figs. 5c, 5cc).
[genus Monochamus]

. . . . . . . . . . . . Go to couplet 6 →

Fig. 5d

Fig. 5dd

Fig. 5e

Fig. 5ee

Fig. 5f

Fig. 5ff

- Antennal scape without apical carina (Figs. 5d, 5dd); apices of elytra bispinose (Figs. 5e, 5ee); antennomere 3 moderately long, about 1.5 times as antennal scape (Figs. 5f, 5ff) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[genus Apriona, Brown mulberry longhorn beetle;
Myanmar, China, India, Japan, Korea, Pakistan and Vietnam]
Apriona germari Hope

couplet 6 of 20 (from 5)

Fig. 6a

Fig. 6aa

Fig. 6b

Fig. 6bb

Pronotum with two longitudinal orange stripes (Figs. 6a, 6aa); each elytron with 5 longitudinal bands of black and grey rectangular spots (6b, 6bb) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[Pine Sawyer beetle;
Europe and Northern Asia, South and South-East Asia]
Monochamus alternatus Hope

Fig. 6c

Fig. 6cc

Fig. 6d

Fig. 6dd

- Pronotum (Figs. 6c, 6cc) and elytra (Figs. 6d, 6dd) black or with other colour pattern . . . . . . . . . . . .

[Holarctic and Oriental Regions]
Monochamus spp.

couplet 7 of 20 (from 2)

SUBFAMILIES CERAMBYCINAE AND SPONDYLIDINAE

Fig. 7a

Fig. 7aa

Fig. 7b

Fig. 7bb

Elytra very short, not extending over abdomen (Figs. 7a, 7aa); femora strongly clavate (club-like) (Figs. 7b, 7bb) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[Spruce Shortwing Beetle; Europe and Asia extending to China]
Molorchus minor (Linnaeus)

Fig. 7c

Fig. 7cc

Fig. 7d

Fig. 7dd

- Elytra either completely covering abdomen (Figs. 7c, 7cc) or with only the terminal segment exposed (Figs. 7d, 7dd).

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couplet 8 of 20 (from 7)

Fig. 8a

Fig. 8aa

Fig. 8b

Fig. 8bb

Antennomere 3 very long, about 1.5 times of antennal scape, reaching beyond the posterior margin of pronotum (Figs. 8a, 8aa); male with large patch of dense yellowish setae on prothoracic hypomeron (Figs. 8b, 8bb).
[genus Stromatium]

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Fig. 8c

Fig. 8cc

- Antennomere 3 at most slightly longer than scape and never reaching posterior margin of pronotum (Figs. 8c, 8cc).

. . . . . . . . . . . . Go to couplet 10 →

couplet 9 of 20 (from 8)

GENUS Stromatium

Fig. 9a

Fig. 9aa

Elytra densely and coarsely punctate (Figs. 9a, 9aa); elytral setae sparse, partially erect and not covering rather shiny body surface (Figs. 9a, 9aa); each elytron with at least two costae (ridges) (Figs. 9a, 9aa) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[Teak Trunk Borer; worldwide]
S. barbatum (Fabricius)

Fig. 9b

Fig. 9bb

- Elytral surfaces dull covered by dense and adpressed pubescence almost completely obscuring the body surface but leaving some sparse shiny granules (Figs. 9b, 9bb); elytral costae (ridges) absent or very weak (Figs. 9b, 9bb) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[Oriental Region, native to Christmas Island]
S. longicorne (Newman)

couplet 10 of 20 (from 8)

Fig. 10a

Fig. 10aa

Eye deeply emarginate, two lobes only connected by 1 row of ommatidia (Figs. 10a, 10aa). [genus Tetropium]

. . . . . . . . . . . . Go to couplet 11 →

Fig. 10b

Fig. 10bb

- Eye with two lobes connected by at least several rows of ommatidia (Figs. 10b, 10bb).

. . . . . . . . . . . . Go to couplet 12 →

couplet 11 of 20 (from 10)

Fig. 11a

Fig. 11aa

Fig. 11b

Fig. 11bb

Pronotum densely punctate, without any glabrous raised area (Figs. 11a, 11aa); elytra reddish or yellowish brown (Figs. 11b, 11bb) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[Brown spruce longhorn beetle;
Europe and Asia, now distributed in Northern Asia, USA and Canada]
Tetropium fuscum (Fabricius)

Fig. 11c

Fig. 11cc

Fig. 11d

Fig. 11dd

- Pronotum weakly punctate, with 3 weak shiny, raised nodules (Figs. 11c, 11cc); elytra uniformly dark brown (Figs. 11d, 11dd) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[Black Spruce Beetle;
Europe and Northern Asia, Mediterranean Basin, USA and Canada]
Tetropium castaneum (Linnaeus)

couplet 12 of 20 (from 10)

Fig. 12a

Fig. 12aa

Pronotum lateral edge with sharp median projection (Figs. 12a, 12aa) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[Two-toothed Longhorn; New Zealand]
Ambeodontus tristis (Fabricius)

Fig. 12b

Fig. 12bb

- Pronotum with lateral edge rounded (Figs. 12b, 12bb).

. . . . . . . . . . . . Go to couplet 13 →

couplet 13 of 20 (from 12)

Fig. 13a

Fig. 13aa

Fig. 13b

Fig. 13bb

Prosternal process very broad, at least as wide as procoxa (Figs. 13a, 13aa); pronotum covered with dense erect pubescence, with two glabrous nodules on pronotal disk (Figs. 13b, 13bb) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[European house borer; cosmopolitan, established in WA]
Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus)

Fig. 13c

Fig. 13cc

Fig. 13d

Fig. 13dd

- Prosternal process distinctly narrower than width of procoxa (Figs. 13c, 13cc); pronotum not covered with dense erect pubescence, without two glabrous nodules on pronotal disk (Figs. 13d, 13dd).

. . . . . . . . . . . . Go to couplet 14 →

couplet 14 of 20 (from 13)

Fig. 14a

Fig. 14aa

Fig. 14b

Fig. 14bb

Procoxal cavities oval, without lateral projections, not exposing protrochantin (Figs. 14a, 14aa); elytra with coloured bands formed by short adpressed setae (Figs. 14b, 14bb).

. . . . . . . . . . . . Go to couplet 15 →

Fig. 14c

Fig. 14cc

Fig. 14d

Fig. 14dd

Fig. 14e

Fig. 14f

Fig. 14ff

- Procoxal cavities with lateral projections, at least partially exposed protrochantin (Figs. 14c, 14cc, 14d, 14dd); elytra either uniformly coloured (Figs. 14e) or with orange bands (not formed by adpressed setae) (Figs. 14f, 14ff).

. . . . . . . . . . . . Go to couplet 16 →

couplet 15 of 20 (from 14)

Fig. 15a

Fig. 15aa

Fig. 15b

Fig. 15bb

Frons with triangular keel (Figs. 15a, 15aa); pronotum brown with sparse yellow recumbent setae; elytra black with yellow markings (Figs. 15b, 15bb) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[Clytine longhorn beetle; South and South-East Asia]
Xylotrechus magnicollis (Fairmaire)

Fig. 15c

Fig. 15cc

- Frons without triangular keel; body black, with white markings on elytra (Figs. 15c, 15cc) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[Kokeshi longicorn beetle; South and South-East Asia]
Chlorophorus diadema (Motschulsky)

couplet 16 of 20 (from 14)

Fig. 16a

Fig. 16aa

Fig. 16b

Fig. 16bb

Eye shallowly emarginate (Figs. 16a, 16aa); Protibial spur single (Figs. 16b, 16bb). [genus Arhophalus]

. . . . . . . . . . . . Go to couplet 17 →

Fig. 16c

Fig. 16cc

Fig. 16d

Fig. 16dd

- Eye distinctly emarginate (Figs. 16c, 15cc); Protibial spurs paired (Figs. 16d, 16dd).

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couplet 17 of 20 (from 16)

Fig. 17a

Fig. 17aa

Articulation of tarsomere 4 with tarsomere 3 (or point of division into two lobes of tarsomere 3) is about halfway along the total length of tarsomere 3 (Figs. 17a, 17aa) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[Burnt pine longhorn beetle;
Europe, North Africa, established in New Zealand]
Arhophalus ferus (Mulsant)

Fig. 17b

Fig. 17bb

- Articulation of tarsomere 4 with tarsomere 3 (or point of division into two lobes of tarsomere 3) is fairly close to the base of tarsomere 3 (Figs. 17b, 17bb).

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couplet 18 of 20 (from 17)

Fig. 18a

Fig. 18aa

Terminal segment of maxillary palp strongly securifrom, with length 1-1.26 times its apical width (Figs. 18a, 18aa) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[Southern Europe along the Mediterranean region and Middle East. established in NSW around Sydney]
Arhophalus syriacus (Reitter)

Fig. 18b

Fig. 18bb

- Terminal segment of maxillary palp slightly widened apically, with length 1.34-1.39 times its apical width (Figs. 18b, 18bb) . . . . . . . . . . . .

[Europe, North Africa and Asia; found in Melbourne]
Arhophalus rusticus (Linnaeus)

couplet 19 of 20 (from 16)

Fig. 19a

Fig. 19aa

Fig. 19b

Fig. 19bb

Prosternal process very narrow, incomplete between procoxae (Figs. 19a, 19aa); elytra with iridescent colours (Figs. 19b, 19bb) . . . . . . . . . . . .